This is the yellowish discoloration of the skin,sclera, conjunctiva. This happens in neonates which is called neonatal jaundice and adults too. The basic pathophysiology is High bilirubin in blood.
TYPE
Basically these are 3 type
1.Pre-hepatic(before the liver)– that means the jaundice which occurs due to excessive hemolysis (breakdown of RBC) and hemolysis caused unable to conjugate bilirubin leads to unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Conjugated bilirubin excreted normally but unconjugated bilirubin remain in the blood stream to cause jaundice.
2.Hepato-cellular(within the liver)– this is due to disfunction of the liver cells. Here liver cell unable to conjugate the bilirubin. In some conditions where total liver cell not affected but some cells are affected and obstruct biliary pathway, produced conjugate & unconjugated mixed type jaundice
3.Post-hepatic(after the liver)– this is due to obstruction of the biliary pathway. Here bilirubin conjugate but not excreted that leads to jaundice
CAUSE
INVESTIGATION
• X-Ray of abdomen
• CT scan
• Stool examination test
• CBC ( Complete Blood Count)
TREATMENT
• Introduction of flatus tube per rectum
• Colostomy or Ileostomy
• Laparotomy
