Periodontitis( per-e-o-don-TIE-tus)is an serious acute infection ( bacterial growth) of gingiva, surrounding overlying soft tissue and partially impacted tooth that damages the areas, ligaments and bones that support the teeth with out treatment.
Infection and inflammation spread from the gingiva to the ligaments and bones that’s why teeth become loose and eventually fall out.
It occurs most frequently in mandible 3rd molar. Periodontitis is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults.
CAUSES
- Food debris in between the teeth and overlying soft tissue
When you forget to brush, food debris stayed in between the teeth and overlying soft tissue, that’s why bacterial plaque builds up around your teeth and underlying soft tissue. Its becomes hard calcified it’s called TARTAR.
- Microorganisms
- Calculus, plague when harden understand your gumline into tartar, form calculus
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Hereditary dental disease
- Cancer
- HIV
OTHERS CAUSES
- Prolong medication
- Stress
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Female hormonal changes such as pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, menopause
SYMPTOMS
- Halitosis ( bad breath ordor) , foul taste
- Trismus ( Inability to open the mouth)
- Fever
- Usually seen in 18-25 yr of age both sexes
- Bleed easily when brushing or flossing
- Gum that have pulled away from your teeth
- Red swelling over the the gum and surrounding the soft tissue
- Oedomatous swelling become suppurative extremely tender
- Pain radiated to the ear, throat and adjacent area
- Gaps between the teeth and gum
- Difficult to chewing, swallow
- In severe cases submandibular gland tender with adjacent lymph node palpable
OTHER SYMPTOMS
- Headache
RISK FACTORS
Increase your risk of periodontitis
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Poor oral hygiene
- Gingivitis
- HIV / AIDS
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cancer
- Poor Nutrition
- Vitamin C deficiency
- Tobacco Chewing
- Alcohol
INVESTIGATION
- When you notice any symptoms of periodontitis immediately consult with dentist as soon as possible
- Inta Oral Periapical( IOPA) X-Ray
- Ortho panto gram ( OPG)
- Straight X-ray of mandible
TREATMENT
- Antibiotics, avoid spread of infection
- Have you teeth cleaned or flushes gently with warm water to remove the food debris
- Warm saline rins frequently
- To take soft diet
- Maintain oral hygiene
- If gingival overlying floor flap is swollen, overlying flap is exicised by 15 no Parker blade to drainage the pus
- Root planing
- Scaling
- If periodontitis reappear surgical removal of impacted tooth
- Flap sugery
- Soft tissue grafts
- Tissue stimulating protein
- Bone grafting
- Guided tissue regeneration
- If trauma occurs due to upper jaw tooth then extraction must be done