Inflammation of gingiva ( Gum) is called gingivitis.
It is limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the portion of tooth and alveolar process.
Gingivitis is an early form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is an infection and inflammation of tissue which support the teeth, ligaments, gums and bones.
Age – Mostly adult are affected, child also affected due to poor nutrition
Male predominantly affected than female, because of maintenance of oral hygiene.
TYPES
- According to duration of infection
- According to distribution
- According to clinical aspects
- Hemorrhagic gingivitis
- Necrotizing gingivitis
*CAUSES*
- Plaque induced gingivitis
- Drug induced gingivitis
- Vitamin A, C, D deficiency
- Gingivitis with systemic disease
- Endocrine cause
Menstrual, pregnancy, Puberty, Diabetes Mellitus
- Circulatory cause
Thalassemia, Leukaemia, Hemophilia
- Traumatic gingivitis
Thermal, physical, chemical, foreign bodies
- Herpes virus with gingivitis
- Candia species infection with gingivitis
- Local cause
Mal position of tooth
I’ll fitting such as braces, dentures, crowns and bridges
- Poor dental hygiene
- Genetics
OTHERS CAUSES
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Poor dental hygiene
SYMPTOMS
- Gum swelling with redness
- Gum bleeding occasionally or bleeding on touch
- Gum painful
- Halitosis
- Bitter taste in morning
- Calculus seen on the tooth surfaceg
- Malocclusion
- Sensitive teeth
- Pain when chewing
- Loose teeth
OTHER SYMPTOMS
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Sleeplessness
- Low self confidence
COMPLICATIONS
- Periodontitis
- Tooth loss
RISK FACTORS
- Smoking
- Tobacco chewing
- pregnancy
- HIV
- I’ll fitting
- Chronic medication
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
COMPLICATIONS
- Periodontitis
- Tooth loss
INVESTIGATION
- When you see any symptoms of gingivitis immediately consult with doctor
- Speak you symptoms which you notice
- Doctor review your dental history
- Review of your medical history
- Review of your family history
- Orthopantomogram
- Maintain oral hygiene
- If calculus is present, then supra gingival and sub gingival scaling need
- Root planing
- lasers
- Antibiotics for decrease pain, inflammation
- Antiseptic mouth wash
- Doxycycline
